Organizational culture - 1263 Words

â€Å"Organization culture comprises the deep, basic assumptions and beliefs, as well as the shared values that define organization membership, as well as the member’s habitual ways of making decisions, and presenting themselves, and their organization to those who come in contact with it.† Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis, 2008 The dictionary definition of a culture is â€Å"the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular group of people or a society†. An organisation is made up of individuals and the culture of an organization defines how things are done in an organisation and what behaviour and actions are considered as acceptable or not acceptable. Hofstede defines culture as the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes†¦show more content†¦Thus the culture of an organisation has an influence and to an extent acts as a driver for everyone who forms a part of an organisation whether it is at an individual level or a group level. This view is supported by Harrison and Stokes when they say that â€Å"Culture impacts most aspects of organizational life, such as how decisions are made, who makes them, how rewards are distributed, who is promoted, how people are treated, how the organization responds to its environment, and so on†(9) In fact, these assumptions, beliefs, norms and values which are shared by the organisation’s members that can significantly affect strategy formulation and implementation. (10) Organisational cultural is in every sense just that, a culture. So not only does it act as an internal binding force which keeps the organisation together and in harmony, but it also defines how an individual should present himself and his organisation when he represents it. For example Price Waterhouse Coopers takes pride in the ever increasing diversity of its workforce and works to instil the idea of flexible but diligent working. This ideology could be considered as values forming part of PWC’s organisational culture. So whenever an employee comes in touch with a client these values will be automatically be reflected inShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Culture And Organizational Culture1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of culture in the organization The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong leadership tool to communicate the leader s beliefs and values to organizational members, and especially newRead MoreOrganizational Culture Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Schein, a famous theorists dealing with organizational culture, provides the following definition for the term: A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems that has worked well enough to be considered valid and is passed on to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. (organizationalculture101) However, organizational culture is more than sharing assumptions used by a grou p to solve problems;Read MoreOrganizational Culture Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational culture Culture is something that encompasses all of us. It helps us to understand how things are created, acknowledged, developed and managed. In this context, culture helps to define and understand an organisation and how it works and manages. Organizational culture is a shared value system derived over time that guides members as they solve problems, adapts to the external environment, and manage relationship (Schein in Wooten and Crane 2003, Vol. 21(6), p.276). OrganisationalRead More Organizational Culture of Alibaba 1463 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished a strong company organizational culture based on a shared mission, vision and value system as the cornerstone of the company and its subsidiaries. They respect the spirit of entrepreneurship, innovation, and focus on meeting the needs of their customers. According to the founder, Jack Ma (August,2013), Alibaba’s organizational culture can be summarized with four simple words: openness, transparency, sharing, and responsibility.It is thank to the organizational culture, Alibaba has launched aRead MoreOrganisational Culture And Organizational Culture1730 Words   |  7 PagesOrganisational culture refers to ‘the shared beliefs and values guiding the thinkin g and behavioural styles of members’ (Cooke and Rousseau, 1988, in Bratton 2010: 334), indicating that employees who accept the common values of an organisation and put great effort on commitments are likely to build up a strong culture to an organisation. Edgar Schein (2004) proposed three levels of organisational culture. As employees go through changes, they gain experiences from the past, adapt to a new environmentRead MoreOrganizational Culture Essay1812 Words   |  8 PagesOrganizational Culture Organizations have personalities like individuals and like individuals, they have enduring and stable traits that help us predict their attitudes and behaviors. An organization’s culture may be hard to define but it has a major impact on the behavior of individuals in the organization. To understand one’s behavior in an organizational culture it helps to understand the dominant culture in an organization and to figure out how individuals come to learn that culture and howRead MoreThe Term Organizational Culture Essay2100 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction A look at simply a couple of works that utilization the term organizational culture will uncover huge variety in the meaning of this term and much all the more in the utilization of the term society has no altered or extensively importance even in human sciences, however variety in its utilization is particularly discernible in the writing on hierarchical society. This is mostly identified with solid contrast in the reason and profundity of books and articles. Be that as it may, likewiseRead MoreThe Organizational Culture of Quinlans3389 Words   |  14 PagesThe Organizational Culture of Quinlans Introduction Quinlan has been UK’s foremost retail giant for a long period of time. By end of 1998 there was evidence of a crisis and since then the company has been on a decline. The company has been ignoring market changes and trying to maintain its corporate image and identity. This has caused the customers to drift to more fashionable brands causing huge loss of business to Quinlan. Presently the company is on a restructuringRead MoreDefining Organizational Culture : An Organization2382 Words   |  10 PagesDefining Organizational Culture With numerous meanings given to organizational culture, scholars claim that the field is grounded in the shared assumptions, attitudes, and behaviors accepted and enacted by employees within an organization, which affect its performance and overall welfare (Belias Koustelios, 2014). Another widespread definition of organizational communication often used by organizational scholars states that: â€Å"Organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumptions that a groupRead MoreQuestions On Organizational Culture And Leadership914 Words   |  4 PagesSchein, E (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. 2nd ed., San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Edgar Schein outlines those characteristics in better understanding and assessing the culture and climate of an organization. A lot energy and emphasis is focused on the identification and application of an organization’s guiding principles. Schein suggests that our guiding values and principles are important, but it is in the organizations structure, culture, action that describes the true character

Report On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel - 1678 Words

Report on Service Quality of Remington Hotel Introduction The concept of quality holds a central place in the hotel industry where servicing is the main part of the business. Lewis and Booms (1983) commented that service quality is â€Å"a measure of how well the service match with the customer expectations† on a consistent basis. Parasuraman et al (1985, p. 42) stated, â€Å"Quality is an elusive and indistinct construct† Quality is comparison between expectation and performance. Parasuraman et al (1988) introduced Gap model and SERVQUAL for measuring the service quality. Expectancy-disconfirmation theory postulates that customer forms their satisfaction with a service as a result of subjective comparison between their expectation and†¦show more content†¦To wait for 40 minutes in lobby for mere registration and check in was annoying for the customers. The maxim - the first impression is the last impression –holds true. Responsiveness means the willingness and readiness of the employees to provide prompt service, which was not appreciable in the hotel. The other dimensions that need attentions are assurance and empathy, which are related with knowledge, positive attitudes and courtesy of the employees. Humanity is the dimension of service, which is provided to preserve dignity and self –respect of the client (Grzinic 2007, pp. 86-89). The customers trust and confidence in the service will be strengthened with polite and courteous attitudes of the employees. It was a very unwelcoming scene when a desk clerk was in hurry to leave the work without paying attention towards the guests waiting in a long queue. The lack of courtesy creates lack of trust in customers’ mind. Measuring gaps in customers’ expectations and perceptions After finding the expectation data, it was possible for Madeline to measure the existing gaps in expectation and the perception. The gaps were seen as higher in two dimensions: Reliability and Responsiveness. Madeline should deal with improvement is responsiveness first, as it affects the clients immediately and directly after their entrance into the hotel. It was important to avoid scene of disorder, disappointment and tension in the lobby and hotel. The gap between perception andShow MoreRelatedOperations Management23559 Words   |  95 PagesChapter 1-17 Operations Management Roberta Russell Bernard W. Taylor, III Organization of This Text: Part I – Operations Management Intro. to Operations and Supply Chain Management: Quality Management: Statistical Quality Control: Product Design: Service Design: Processes and Technology: Facilities: Human Resources: Project Management: Chapter 1 (Slide 5) Chapter 2 (Slide 67) Chapter 3 (Slide 120) Chapter 4 (Slide 186) Chapter 5 (Slide 231) Chapter 6 (Slide 276) Chapter 7 (Slide 321) ChapterRead MoreResources Capabilities20336 Words   |  82 Pages1980s, it sought to maintain its CSAC05 1/13/07 9:21 Page 128 128 PART II THE TOOLS OF STRATEGY ANALYSIS focus on serving the word processing needs of businesses by expanding into PCs. The venture was a costly failure.5 By contrast, Remington, another leading typewriter manufacturer, moved into products that required similar technical and manufacturing skills: electric shavers and other personal care appliances.6 l Eastman Kodak’s dominance of the world market for photographic productsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSenior Photo Editor Production Management Cover Design Cover Credit George Hoffman Lise Johnson Sarah Vernon Amy Scholz Laura Finley Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin Kevin Murphy Laura Ierardi Allison Morris Hilary Newman mb editorial services David Levy  ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. 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In this way, Sunbeam not only catered for the great Australian barbeque tradition, it developed a product that reflected changing consumer lifestylesRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagescontrol concepts 17.5 Responsibility accounting 17.6 Approaches to control 17.7 Some behavioural factors 17.8 Summary 18 Management control – 2 18.1 Learning objectives 18.2 Introduction 18.3 Controls 18.4 Taking corrective action 18.5 Management reports 18.6 Summary Bibliography Index Preface In writing the first edition of this book in the early 1990s, we were motivated by a concern to help improve the effectiveness of marketing practice. Twelve years and two editions later, our purposeRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesdevelopment 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activities [1.2] 6.5.1 Bar and milestone charts 6.5.2 Critical path method (.2) 6.5.2.6 Lead and lag activities [6.2.3] F.3 Project duration Chapter 14 Project closure Closure report 4.5.1.4 Organization processes (.5) [4.5.3 4.6.3.2] 4.6.1 AdministrativeRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesreached record level around the world. Duncan leaned over in his chair and stared at Thomas computer screen. His eyes wave back and forth reading each line. * * * * * Unknown disease reached record level around the world The amount of reports of people infected with the new unknown disease has reached a new high today. The worldwide ratio of infected to uninfected is 1:1. No cure or treatments have been found for this illness which has been proven to have a fatality rate of one hundred

Significance of Integrated Marketing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Report on Integrated Marketing Communications. Answer: Introduction Marketing communication is the process in which company adopts different communication tools and techniques to spread information from one place to another place. In contemporary scenario, all the business entities are focusing on diverse methodologies(Armstrong, Kotler, Harker, Brennan, 2015). Hence, it can be said that marketing communication is a complex procedure that aids the business entity to communicate a message with the customers regarding the availability of products and services. The present research study has been made on Woolworths which operates business as a retail entity in Australia. Further, in the study discussion has been included regarding the importance of marketing communication in IMC. Along with this, theoretical communication model is also discussed which helps the business entity in managing suitable communication among business and customers. Along with this, the researcher has the also discussed several strategies that can enhance communication capability of Woolworths. Lastly, in the study, recommendations are being stated to meet contemporary needs of the customers. Findings And Discussion Theoretical communication model Communication strategy holds huge value in transferring information from one person to another; hence to specify the attributes, theoretical a model is being stated which is being proposed by Belch et al. in the year 2014. The theory states that use of modern tools and techniques are increasing at a faster rate which also aids in sharing and communicating information(Belch Belch, 2014). The Internet is considered as the primary source that aids that the business entities to grab the attention of a larger number of customers towards existing products and services. Several external agencies are working in this domain wherein they play a crucial role in formulating effective strategies for the business in the area of communication. Along with this, use of external tools is also amending to transfer information to different customers at a time. This also showcases the importance of elements of promotional mix(Blakeman, 2014). Strategies such as direct marketing, personal selling, sales promotions and development of public relations aids the organizations to sustain in competitive market for longer span. Proper sharing of information helps the business entity to acquire greater market share and alongside it also contributes in meeting defined aim and objectives. Advertising is essential in attracting larger number of customers and it is also useful in generating awareness among customers regarding the availability of products and services. At the same time, it also includes the importance of direct marketing which immediately changes the purchase decision of customers(Belch G. E., Belch, Kerr, Powell, 2014). According to positive perception, purchase of product takes place. Moreover, sales promotion is yet another technique that is used to promote the products and also to encourage the customers to buy the product. Company also provides discounts and schemes to the customers so that to amend the ratio of sales and also to enhance the profitability ratio. In emerging market, organizations are focusing on building effective relations with the customers for the purpose of becoming highly customer oriented. Thus, considering the same, companies are emphasizing on developing strong public relations to satisfy the customers and also to retain them for longer time period. This not only facilitates repeat purchase, but also it leads to create competitive edge over the rivalries. Therefore, summing up it is evident that communication strategy of every business entity is different; however the tools are quite similar to use(Blakeman, 2014). Communication strategy states that advertising and promotional mediums are useful in terms of sharing information among customers in the best possible manner. Prior communicating information among the customers, it is essential for the business entity to show greater consideration towards the use of marketing channel. This will aid in communicating the message abruptly among the customers. At the same time, it can also work in enhancing customer base. To operate the business successfully in the market place, it is crucial for the organization to define communication objectives(Luxton, Reid, Mavondo, 2015). This can also aid in adopting suitable standards to attain organizational goals. In addition to this, the budget is vital to be developed so that resource allocation process can be managed in an optimum manner. Integrated marketing communication shows a link between promotional strategies and elements of the marketing mix; hence appropriate strategies should be utilized in the form of advertising the products and services(Thorson Moore, 2013). Hence, this can also enhance the performance of the business entity in external competitive m arket place. Analysis And Evaluation Importance of understanding communication in IMC Communication plays most important role in the organization as it is direct influences the purchase behavior of the target market and in turn, allows business to accomplish desired goals and objectives(Carroll, 2015). Further, it is one of the ultimate purposes of every company to communicate business information with its target market in an efficient manner with the motive to strengthen customer base. In short, without communication, the concept of Integrated Marketing Communication is of no use, and it directly acts as the challenge in accomplishing the desired objectives. It allows in building the positive perception of the firm in the mind of the target market and serves as the development tool(Schlinke Crain, 2013). Further, it is a well-known fact that every consumer may not perceive products of the enterprise positively and due to this reason, it is mandatory for the business to build the positive image with the help of effective communication strategy. The primary mode of communication takes into consideration advertising, social media, print media, etc. through which it becomes easy to share information with the customers(Ewing Ramaseshan, 2015). Selection of appropriate communication method through the selection of right channel allows the company in gaining the competitive edge, and in turn, all the challenges present in the external environment can be tackled quickly. In short, communication is considered as the key to success that enhances business performance in the market. In case if any organization does not focus on communication with its target market then customers will not be aware of the products and services offered in the market(Flors, 2014). In the modern era, the concept of social media as a communication tool has gained popularity where large numbers of businesses have adopted this tool so that customer base can be enhanced and along with this the most crucial information linked with products, services can be shared. Considering the case of Woolworths Ltd where organization believes the concept of Integrated marketing communication as most important. Further, business has employed a large number of strategies for sharing information linked with products with its valued customers. The central communication platform is the physical stores of the company which directly acts as the primary source of attraction. All sort of convenience and comfort are provided to the customers so that they are brand loyal towards the products. Moreover, direct marketing and customer email strategy concept have been undertaken through which proper communication with the target market takes place(Nirjar, Acharya, Ojha, 2014). Apart from this, social media channels are also conducted where products are promoted through the assistance of sales promotion strategies such as offering discount and another form of offers on the products. It allows in attracting a large number of customers and in turn sales revenue of the comp any increases through this(Saenko, Akhmetov, Mamatelashvili, Pismennaya, 2016). The market where Woolworths Ltd operates is highly challenging where significant challenges such as competition, political barriers, etc. have adversely affected the operations of the company. Therefore, this is the main reason for undertaking effective communication strategy for building the relationship with the customers and rendering high-quality products to the target market(Manser Payne, Peltier, Barger, 2017). Woolworth Limited approach to IMC The selected business enterprise is making use of various integrated marketing communication channels and tools. For example, it has adopted advertisement as a tool for carrying out marketing and promotion of its products and services. In simpler term, the advertisement can be described as a paid formed of non-personal communication. Woolworth Limited advertises its products and services on newspaper, television and online mediums. Furthermore, Woolworth limited is also considered as the top spenders in Australia in terms spending resources in the advertisement(Patti, Hartley, van Dessel, Baack, 2017). The rationale behind using advertisement as an integrated marketing communication tool is that it helps in communicating, interacting with people in the market and at the same time it results in enhancing the brand image and brand equity of Woolworth Limited. The retailer is also making use of communication tools such as social media to promote its different services and products. In last few years, social media has emerged as one of the biggest and most potential platforms for businesses regarding marketing products and services. The use of social media channels is carried out with a purpose to interact with customers and seek inputs from clients about the process of new product development(Percy, 2014). Other than this, the use of social media as a marketing communication tool support Woolworths limited in improving customer service and maintain a strong brand image in the marketplace. The increasing users of social media have helped Woolworths limited in finding out new customers and enhance the figure of sales and profitability. The marketing and promotion of product/services offered by Woolworths limited are carried out on social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Social media is very cost effective regarding marketing communication tool, and therefore, it is contributing a lot to the overall success of the Australian retailer(Parente Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, 2014). Another form of internet marketing communication tool which has been used by the selected business enterprise is email. The brand has maintained an excellent strategy of emailing its customers at regular intervals. These emails help Woolworths limited to pass information to customers about new products, services, modification in existing products and arrival of new offers. Thus, emails play a crucial role in increasing the demand for the companys products and services among people in the market. Sometimes, the business also makes use of integrated marketing communication channels such as direct marketing to increase the existing figures of its sales and profitability. It can be stated that Woolworths limited approach towards IMC is quite efficient and it has supported the brand in accomplishing its short and long term business objectives(Provost, 2014). Communication tools such as direct marketing have helped Woolworths limited in finding out new customers and enhance its existing market share. The use of direct marketing has provided the organization with an opportunity to develop a list of new and potential prospects who can become future customers of the brand. Apart from this, the use of direct marketing has resulted in increasing the rate of up sell or repeat purchase(Royle Laing, 2014). It has supported the selected company in retaining its old customers in the best possible manner. On the contrary of this, it can be expressed that the best thing about Woolworth's limited approach to IMC is that it has developed the effective system of monitoring and the company carries out changes in its IMC strategy at regular intervals. Recommendation It can be recommended that Woolworths limited should focus on identifying its target audience before formulating marketing communication mix. The rationale behind this is that selection of target audience will support the retailer in the selection of appropriate and more practical tools and techniques of communication. Along with this, selection of target audience is also essential in defining factors such as what to communicate and when to communicate. It is suggested that the business enterprise should emphasize more on formulating the objectives and aim of communication. The reason behind this is that goals and aim will provide a clear cut direction to a company regarding where it should place its efforts and resources linked with communication. It can also be recommended that Woolworths limited should uncover its unique selling propositions and should display the same through marketing communication tools. It can be expressed that the use of unique selling proposition will support the organization in differentiating itself from the other players operating in the retail industry of Australia. In addition to this, it will give the clear reason to customers in terms of why they should prefer and purchase products offered by Woolworths limited. At the time of selecting and implementing the tools of marketing communication, it is required by Woolworths limited to ensure that the way in which messages are delivered to target audience remains consistent. It can be expressed that consistency in messaging will support in the development of Woolworths limited as a strong brand in the marketplace. From the overall analysis, it has been found that Woolworths Ltd more relies on advertising and another form of promotional tools. So it is recommended to an enterprise to focus on sales promotion strategies where offering discount on the continuous basis can allow in enhancing sales volume and can act as the main tool for the customer attraction. Therefore, sales promotion strategies must be integrated into the marketing plan. The overall survey must be carried out in the market with the motive to know whether the present communication strategies of a company are capable enough in sharing information linked with the products or not. Through this, it is possible to modify the current advertising modes. Time to time new information must be updated on the social media platform such as facebook where the different type of events can be organized through which customer involvement is possible. Highlighting the main advantages associated with purchasing the products of a company can surely be beneficial for the organization and in turn can act as the major source of competitive advantage. The concept of microblogging must be undertaken by the business through which short sentences that can be framed from a promotional point of view where short videos can be shared with the target market that can influence the purchase behavior of the target market. Conclusion From the above study, it can be inferred that integrated marketing communication provides businesses with a potential platform to interact with customers and identify their changing demand. In addition to this, the tools linked with IMC have supported Woolworths limited in creating awareness about its products and services in the market. The tools have also contributed a lot in creating demand among people in the marketplace. Integrated marketing communication is important because it helps business to gain the competitive advantage over the other market players operating in the industry. It can be inferred that the approach of Woolworths limited towards IMC is competent enough to accomplish its long term goals and objectives. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. London: Pearson Education. Belch, E. G., Belch, A. M. (2014, February 10). Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communication perspective. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from Advertising and promotion: https://hfs1.duytan.edu.vn/upload/ebooks/5183.pdf Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A., Kerr, G. F., Powell, I. (2014). Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Blakeman, R. (2014). Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield. Carroll, C. E. (2015). The handbook of communication and corporate reputation . New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Ewing, M. T., Ramaseshan, B. (2015). Integrated marketing communications: Conflicts of interest, politics and performance. Switzerland: Springer, Cham. Flors, L. (2014). From 360 communication to integrated marketing communication. In How to Measure Digital Marketing. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. Luxton, S., Reid, M., Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance. Journal of Advertising , 37-46. Manser Payne, E., Peltier, J., Barger, V. A. (2017). Omni-channel marketing, integrated marketing communications, and consumer engagement: a research agenda. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing . Nirjar, A., Acharya, M., Ojha, D. (2014). Integrated Marketing Communication in Government Programmes: A Look at Rural Development Programmes in India. Metamorphosis , 1-15. Parente, D., Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K. (2014). Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning. Patti, C. H., Hartley, S. W., van Dessel, M. M., Baack, D. W. (2017). Improving integrated marketing communications practices: a comparison of objectives and results. Journal of Marketing communications , 351-370. Percy, L. (2014). Strategic integrated marketing communications. Abingdon: Routledge. Provost, P. (2014, May 5). 7 Steps to Develop an Effective Marketing Communications Strategy. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from 6P marketing: https://www.6pmarketing.com/articles/branding-science/72-marketing-strategy/359-7-steps-to-develop-an-effective-marketing-communications-strategy Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries. International Journal of Information Management , 65-73. Saenko, N. R., Akhmetov, I. V., Mamatelashvili, O. V., Pismennaya, E. E. (2016). Research in action integrated marketing communications as the elements of information and virtualization market relations. International review of management and marketing . Schlinke, J., Crain, S. (2013). Social media from an integrated marketing and compliance perspective. Journal of Financial Service Professionals . Thorson, E., Moore, J. (2013). Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Abingdon: Psychology Press

Change Management Methods of an Organisation

Question: Discuss about the case study Change Management for Methods of an Organisation. Answer: Introduction As opined by Hayes (2014), Change Management is the approach to transitioning the process and methods of an organisation to gain more profit in future. The change in the use of business process, budget allocation, resources and modes of operations of a company is required to achieve the goals and objectives (Cameron and Green 2015). In this study, the various theories of change management will be discussed to analyze the relevance of those theories in the recent time of working environment. The theories of Lewin, Prosci Adkar, Kotter and Balanced Scorecard will be discussed in this study comparing with the management procedures of the organizations ING and QUANTAS. The study will examine the processes of these theories whether the ideas are relevant in present day working setting or not. Impact of Various Change Models in Todays Working Environment There are various Change models developed by different scholars that can be implemented in the organizations to gain the organizational change for the betterment of the company. The globalization and constant innovation of technology is forcing the organizations to implement changes in their organizational structure and business processes. Therefore, the four theories of change management are explained in the following to analyze the application in present time. Lewin Theory Kurt Lewin has presented the Three Phase Model of change management in 1940 but it is still relevant in the 21st century too. The concept of Lewins three-phase model theory is focusing on the procedure of the change implementation in an organisation. The model is consists of three steps such as, Unfreeze, Transition and Freeze. According to Bartunek and Woodman (2015), the organizations need to implement the change management policies to improve the company image or to tackle the increasing competition. It is an example of a straightforward change management system. According to the model the three steps has to be followed by an organisation to attain the change in the working environment. The three steps are, Unfreeze The first step of this model is concentrating on the external and internal forces that are continuously restraining the change to be implemented. If the company members are not agreed with the management that the change is required then the company will not be able to implement the change. Therefore, as per the model the company management have to determine the needs to change in the business procedure. Then they have to convince the employees to understand the need of changing the business policies with reducing the provocative events. It was seen in the ING bank to implement the change in their bank. Most of the staff and management was not following the rules and regulations of the company after informing them for numerous times about the merging policies of their with the PostBank, then the management have to understand the need for bringing change in the organizational system to resist this situation (Hornstein 2015). Transition The transition is the step where the change is actually implemented in the organisation. According to Lewins theory, when the organizations unfreeze the other provocations within the company and can about implementing the changes, then transition can be possible. By using this step, QUANTAS should communicate with the employees to know the interest of and feedback of them about it. After understanding these, the management can take the action plan for bringing the change in the organization. This is only can be possible with empowering action by involving the people in the process. Freeze As opined by Frankland et al. (2013), the change can be implemented only when the management will reach the last step of this Three Phase Model. The third step is referring to the real action is taken place to bring the change actually. This can be activated with introducing new systems of rewarding the employees and by celebrating the success of the company. These activities will motivate the employees to work with more dedication. This will help the management to reinforce the new rules and regulations for the benefit of the ING and QUANTAS. Figure 1: Lewins Change Management Model (Source: Worley and Mohrman 2014) Prosci ADKAR Theory According to the Change Management Model of Prosci, every organizational change can be executed by changing individuals perspective towards change. It is mainly used to understand the queries how, why and when to implement the changes. As opined by Shah (2014), it is the truth that the when people think about changing something, they expect others to accept the changes first. However, if they change individuals thinking regarding implementing the change then the change will be introduced in a fast manner. The theory is based on the five basic steps that have to abide by every individual to accept the change management. According to Prosci, these five steps are called as the building blocks of successful change in an organisation. These five steps are Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement (Parker et al. 2013). As per his theory, if the people in an organisation can follow these five steps for their individual change, then the organisation should be able to implement the change in their company. The five steps are Awareness Awareness refers to the process of understanding the need for the change in the organisation. If every employee in the organization feels the need for implementing the changes in the company to develop the condition of the business, then the management is forced to think about introducing new things there. As stated by the Adkar in his Change Management Model, individual awareness is very essential for the employees to take the initiative to implement the change in the ING and QUANTAS. The management has implemented the changes in the bank at the time of merging with the Postbank. Desire The second step of the model is the desire to support the change for the organizational betterment. Although the management of an organization tries to implement new ideas in their company, still the company should not acquire the changes if not every employee of that company is interested in it. The organizations like ING and QUANTAS use this element to introduce the changes in the internal rules and regulations. Knowledge The third step of this model is referring the knowledge about the change that can be implemented in any organisation. Knowledge refers to the skills and behavior that is required to bring the change in the company to increase the overall profit of the organization. Ability According to Booth (2015), ability is the skill that is very essential to understand the capacity of the employees within an organization. If the employees are not able to understand the changes then they cannot able to implement these in their work life. Reinforcement Change cannot be successful if it is only implemented in an ING and QUANTAS to betterment of any organisation. However, the change has to be reinforced to sustain the change there. Figure 1: Prosci ADKAR Change Management Model (Source: Shepherd et al. 2014) Kotter Theory Another scholar Kotter has presented the change management theory that is relevant still in the working environment. Therefore, the organizations are still using this model as their way to implementing the change and it is working in a good way to introduce change in their organisation. As opined by Hornstein (2015), the change management model of Kotter is referring to the eight steps to get success. Every business needs to implement the new innovative technologies for improvement and aims to remain in the top in business in the market. Therefore, this model is very relevant even nowadays to bring change in an ING and QUANTAS (Shepherd et al. 2014). Kotters change management model consists of eight steps that are needed to lead the change in an organisation where the company should implement a change with the help of executing these steps (Burke 2013). It helps the organisation to identify the elements of changes that is required to bring success for the company. The steps are Create sense of urgency The first step of this model refers the creation of the people in an organisation to create the sense of urgency for implementing the changes. According to Kotters model, if the whole unit of an organisation is not interested to accept the changes, then the company successfully implements the changes for betterment. Build Guiding Coalition The people have to convince the related people before implementing the change in an organisation. This process can help the organizations to identify the leader in the ING and QUANTAS who can set a change coalition to identify the change in the company. Create a Vision for Change Every company should set a value and goal for the organisation to create the change strategy for attain the high profitability. If the company cannot give any clear vision to their employees then they cannot able to explain the idea to their employees. However, setting a vision will help them to make people understand about the change vision. Communicates the Vision The fourth step of this model is referring to communicating the vision with the employees to make them understand about the requirement of change management in the organisation. Communication is very important to attain the vision through implementing change. Enable Action by Removing Barriers The organizations that want to implement the changes then will face various problem regarding implementing it. Therefore, the companies have to reduce the obstacles first to bring the changes. Create Short-term Wins Change management is a continuous process to implement a new idea within an organization. Therefore, this step is helping the management to set small targets and then work on that to get achievement. It will make the company employees interested to accept the change. Build on the Change Sometimes the organizational heads make an early decision to celebrate the changes in their business, but they failed to understand the ultimate effect of the change. Therefore, the company should not hurry to conclude anything. Anchor the Changes in corporate Culture The Company should utilize the change procedure as their continuous process to enforce the system in their organization. Therefore, the model is suggesting that the organizations can use the changes in their day-to-day corporate culture. The Kotters model has implemented by ING to change their organizational vision and objectives. This has enabled them to implement the changes in the business strategies. Likewise, the organization QUANTAS also has used the model. Figure 1: Kotters Change Management Model (Source: Mishra 2013) Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan and Nortons) This is a strategic planning and management system to measure the performance of an organisation presented by Kaplan and Nortons. The name of the theory is as the Balanced Scorecard. According to Gibbons and Kaplan (2015), this system has four perspectives with which the organization management can check the performance. All the perspectives are measuring the objectives, targets and initiatives of the company to reach the vision with implementing the change. The four perspectives are Financial Approach The financial approach of this model is successfully encouraging the look towards the shareholders. It helps the he organizational heads to understand that in what process they will appear before the shareholders. It is measured by the cash flow, operating income etc. Internal Business Process These perspectives enables to identify and measures the internal business procedures that will be implemented through the change management. This will help the management team to analyze the perfect business processes to satisfy the shareholders as well as the customers. Cycle time, yield, unit cost etc can be changed. Learning and Growth This approach helps to achieve the vision of an organization. It can be achieved through implementing new generation of products, to develop market competition and life cycle of products. Customer - This helps to measure the customers aspects toward the organizational changes are mainly measured by this perspective. This helps the organization to understand the customer. This was not applicable in the organizations ING and QUANTAS. Figure 1: Balance Scorecard Change Management Model (Source: Gibbons, R. and Kaplan 2015) The discussions of the various change management models are explained in contrast with the companies ING and QUANTAS. The ING bank has implemented the Lewins theory to bring the change in the company at the time of merging with the PostBank. They have also utilized the Prosci ADKAR model to implement the changes in the individual employee. In addition, the Quantas has used the Kotters change management model to include the changes in the organization for betterment. Conclusion The study has explained the four theories of Change Management to analyse their importance in the present time. The change is the only constant thing in the business platform and this is required to develop any organisations business processes. Therefore, the study has discussed the processes of four change management systems that are very relevant in present day business situations too. It has found that in the organization like ING and QUANTAS, the change management models have been used to bring change in the organisation and the companies had reached a good position in the business market. Reference List Bartunek, J.M. and Woodman, R.W., 2015. Beyond Lewin: toward a temporal approximation of organization development and change. Black, S., Washington, M. and Rasheed, H., 2014. Business Model Innovation and the Balanced Scorecard. 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Is change management obsolete?.Organizational Dynamics,43(3), pp.214-224. Create sense of urgency